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Foreign Investment Trends And Characteristics Of China's Hardware Manufacturing
Hardware manufacturing industry into China's foreign trade trends and characteristics are as follows:
1. China's manufacturing industry has been the main areas of foreign direct investment, the highest proportion of the total foreign investment, but investment has continued to rise.
China's manufacturing industry occupies in foreign investment has been the highest industry average of up to 60% or more, with the new round of world industrial relocation and the formation of international division of labor, the world's large-scale manufacturing shift to China, foreign manufacturers in China Business investment in the speed and scale are greatly accelerated. By 2002, China's industrial use of the total number of 310 279 foreign-invested projects, foreign investment in China accounted for 73.15% of the total project, contracted foreign investment accumulated to 524.286 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the total contracted foreign capital in China 63.32%. In 2003, China's use of foreign contract project number 41081, of which manufacturing is 29,281, accounting for 71% of the total; contracted foreign investment totaling 115 billion U.S. dollars, up 39.03 percent, the manufacturing sector was 80.75 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 70.1% of the total weight, up 36.2%; actually utilized foreign investment amounted to 53.5 billion U.S. dollars, up 1.44%, the manufacturing sector to 36.9 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 69% of the total.
Along with a stable domestic political and economic environment, abundant, cheap and more high-quality human resources, and a vast domestic market, foreign investment in the manufacturing sector, more and more obvious advantages. Meanwhile, China's global production of labor-intensive industries have also begun to take shape. The world's leading electronic communications equipment, petrochemical, automobile, machinery and equipment manufacturers, have extended their production networks to China. Join the WTO, more and more multinationals to China as its manufacturing, marketing, raw material procurement, new product development, human resources development, the bases established in the large-scale product development center, procurement center, which make China's manufacturing industry in the world is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, with the development of China's industrialization process and the large multinational companies shift manufacturing to China, a considerable period of time, foreign investment in China's manufacturing industry will continue to increase, and has always dominated.
Hardware manufacturing industry into China's foreign trade trends and characteristics are as follows:
1. China's manufacturing industry has been the main areas of foreign direct investment, the highest proportion of the total foreign investment, but investment has continued to rise.
China's manufacturing industry occupies in foreign investment has been the highest industry average of up to 60% or more, with the new round of world industrial relocation and the formation of the international division of labor, the world's large-scale manufacturing shift to China, foreign manufacturers in China Business investment in the speed and scale are greatly accelerated. By 2002, China's industrial use of the total number of 310 279 foreign investment projects, foreign investment in China accounted for 73.15% of the total project, contracted foreign investment accumulated to 524.286 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the total contracted foreign investment in China 63.32%. In 2003, China's use of foreign contract project number 41081, of which manufacturing is 29,281, accounting for 71% of the total; contractual foreign investment amounted to 115 billion U.S. dollars, up 39.03 percent, the manufacturing sector was 80.75 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 70.1% of the total weight, up 36.2%; actually utilized foreign investment amounted to 53.5 billion U.S. dollars, up 1.44%, the manufacturing sector to 36.9 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 69% of the total.
Along with a stable domestic political and economic environment, abundant, cheap and more high-quality human resources, and a vast domestic market, foreign investment in the manufacturing sector, more and more obvious advantages. Meanwhile, China's global production of labor-intensive industries have also begun to take shape. The world's leading electronic communications equipment, petrochemical, automobile, machinery and equipment manufacturers, have extended their production networks to China. Join the WTO, more and more multinationals to China as its manufacturing, marketing, raw material procurement, new product development, human resources development, the bases established in the large-scale product development center, procurement center, which make China's manufacturing industry in the world is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, with the development of China's industrialization process and the large multinational companies shift manufacturing to China, a considerable period of time, foreign investment in China's manufacturing industry will continue to increase, and has always dominated.
2. Investment projects have been expanding, increasing technology content, high-technology manufacturing is increasingly becoming the new hot spot favored foreign investment.
Commissioned by the UNCTAD survey shows that currently the "Fortune" 500 companies, nearly 400 have invested in 2,000 projects in China. In 2003, Beijing Manufacturing actual foreign investment 760 million U.S. dollars, up 31.9%, mainly from the automobile-oriented foreign investment in machinery and equipment manufacturing industry growth; the same period as the newly approved 456 manufacturing projects, contractual foreign capital 850 000 000 dollars, electronic communications equipment manufacturing, machinery and equipment investment is still a major multinational industries. The end of 2002, 500, 137 investment in Shanghai, a total number of 730 investment projects, contractual foreign investment 10.164 billion U.S. dollars. In the 730 projects, manufacturing projects accounted for 452, accounting for 61.92%; contractual foreign investment 8.436 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 83%. At present, Shanghai total investment more than 1 billion U.S. dollars in 10 projects, 6 were 500 investment. Projects have been expanding, increasing technology content, in recent years foreign investment in China's manufacturing sector a notable feature, and, significantly increase the investment of large transnational corporations. Changes in the structure of this investment on the overall structure of our optimal role in the manufacturing sector is very significant.
With the escalation of the structure of China's manufacturing industry in recent years, foreign investment gradually from the previous labor-intensive processing industries to high tech transfer of new manufacturing. Since the entry of foreign capital to upgrade our manufacturing industry to speed up the structure, the focus of China's manufacturing industry be introduced gradually from the traditional labor-intensive industries to capital and technology-intensive heavy industry, deep processing and high-tech industry tilt. Electronic communications, aerospace, pharmaceutical, energy and heavy chemical industry and the new high-tech fields favored by more and more foreign investment. First quarter of 2003, foreign investment contracts in the manufacturing sector, the proportion of the textile industry fell from 4.4% last year to 3.7%, while chemical, mechanical and special equipment industry will obviously improve. Including chemicals and chemical products increased the proportion of foreign investment contracts is most evident in the year 2002 increased 4.5% in the first quarter of 2003 to 10.3%. In Shanghai, 500 investment companies basically cover the automotive, communications, steel, petrochemical and fine chemical industry, household appliances, such as a pillar industry and information industry, biological pharmacy, new materials, the three major high-tech industries. Moreover, multinational R & D centers are also increasingly moved to China, to 2004, China has more than 400 multinational R & D center, the R & D centers set up to effectively promote transnational technology transfer and technology diffusion, upgrading of the structure of China's manufacturing sector created the conditions.
3. Foreign distribution is still mainly in the manufacturing sector in eastern China, as China's western development strategy and the strategy of revitalizing northeast old industrial base in the implementation of the western region and northeast on the rise.
Foreign investment in China's eastern coastal areas have been densely distributed, the average annual amount of foreign investment account for the total foreign capital in China more than 80%. Distribution of foreign manufacturing concentrated in China's eastern coastal areas. In 2002, China's manufacturing sector contracted foreign capital amounting to 59.27 billion U.S. dollars, of which Guangzhou manufacturing 2.21 billion U.S. dollars of contracted foreign capital, the city's contractual foreign investment accounts for 73.1%; Shanghai manufacturing contracted foreign capital 8.436 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the city's utilization of foreign capital 83% of the amount; the two cities, and China's manufacturing industry accounted for 18% of the total contracted foreign investment. By 2003, 500, top 100 multinational companies in Shanghai's investment in 19 of 17 manufacturing companies to invest in Shanghai. Which, GE set up 17 companies; Siemens set up 13 companies; Nestle R & D centers set up 6 companies; Unilever set up three companies. In addition, automobile manufacturers, General Motors set up four companies [2>. From 100 large investment to establish a subsidiary in Shanghai, and R & D centers can also be seen, the world's manufacturing base is being transferred to the trend of our country. In addition, Beijing, Shenzhen, Qingdao, Tianjin, Suzhou, and is also a major destination for multinational manufacturing investment.
In recent years, with the western development and revitalizing the northeast old industrial bases in the implementation of the three northeastern provinces in western China and foreign capital utilization rate in manufacturing has accelerated noticeably in 2003, the three northeast provinces actually used foreign capital 7.191 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for about 13.4%, more than doubled in 2000. In which the actual use of foreign capital in Liaoning reached 5.71 billion U.S. dollars, up 34.2% increase over the previous year, accounting for the Northeast for 79.4% of the actual utilization of foreign investment; which equipment manufacturing base in China actually used foreign capital in Shenyang amounted to 2.242 billion U.S. dollars, up 59.2%, ranking first in Liaoning Province, where 60% of manufacturing investment, Germany's BMW and other well-known multinational companies have set up camp. First quarter of 2004, Heilongjiang Province, the manufacturing sector attracted a total of 4.2-fold increase over the same period. Increase foreign investment in the Northeast old industrial base of the main reasons, first, the Northeast has a strong manufacturing base, and second, the central revitalizing northeast old industrial base policy played a dominant role. Since the implementation of the western development strategy, China's western regions the number and quality of foreign investment increased sharply. After 2000, the western region the level of utilization of foreign capital from the previous average of 3% to 4%. At present, the world's top 500 for nearly 100 investment or set up offices in the West, many multinational companies in Xi'an, Chengdu R & D centers.
3. Foreign distribution is still mainly in the manufacturing sector in eastern China, as China's western development strategy and the strategy of revitalizing northeast old industrial base in the implementation of the western region and northeast on the rise.
Foreign investment in China's eastern coastal areas have been densely distributed, the average annual amount of foreign investment account for the total foreign capital in China more than 80%. Distribution of foreign manufacturing concentrated in China's eastern coastal areas. In 2002, China's manufacturing sector contracted foreign capital amounting to 59.27 billion U.S. dollars, of which Guangzhou manufacturing 2.21 billion U.S. dollars of contracted foreign capital, the city's contractual foreign investment accounts for 73.1%; Shanghai manufacturing contracted foreign capital 8.436 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the city's utilization of foreign capital 83% of the amount; the two cities and the total contractual foreign investment China's manufacturing industry accounted for 18%. By 2003, 500, top 100 multinational companies in Shanghai's investment in 19 of 17 manufacturing companies to invest in Shanghai. Which, GE set up 17 companies; Siemens set up 13 companies; Nestle R & D centers set up 6 companies; Unilever set up three companies. In addition, automobile manufacturers, General Motors set up four companies [2>. From 100 large investment to establish a subsidiary in Shanghai, and R & D centers can also be seen, the world's manufacturing base is being transferred to the trend of our country. In addition, Beijing, Shenzhen, Qingdao, Tianjin, Suzhou, and is also a major destination for multinational manufacturing investment.
In recent years, with the western development and revitalizing the northeast old industrial bases in the implementation of the three northeastern provinces in western China and foreign capital utilization rate in manufacturing has accelerated noticeably in 2003, the three northeast provinces actually used foreign capital 7.191 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for about 13.4%, more than doubled in 2000. In which the actual use of foreign capital in Liaoning reached 5.71 billion U.S. dollars, up 34.2% increase over the previous year, accounting for the Northeast for 79.4% of the actual utilization of foreign investment; which equipment manufacturing base in China actually used foreign capital in Shenyang amounted to 2.242 billion U.S. dollars, up 59.2%, ranking first in Liaoning Province, where 60% of manufacturing investment, Germany's BMW and other well-known multinational companies have set up camp. First quarter of 2004, Heilongjiang Province, the manufacturing sector attracted a total of 4.2-fold increase over the same period. Increase foreign investment in the Northeast old industrial base of the main reasons, first, the Northeast has a strong manufacturing base, and second, the central revitalizing northeast old industrial base policy played a dominant role. Since the implementation of the western development strategy, China's western regions the number and quality of foreign investment increased sharply. After 2000, the western region the level of utilization of foreign capital from the previous average of 3% to 4%. At present, the world's top 500 for nearly 100 investment or set up offices in the West, many multinational companies in Xi'an, Chengdu R & D centers. 4. Source of manufacturing investment has been greatly optimized, increasing the proportion of developed multinational corporations.
Over the years, has been our source of foreign investment is domestic investment as the major Asian countries as the main foreign investor in the structure. Hong Kong-invested foreign capital in China has occupied half of the total, followed by Taiwanese, as well as Japan, Korea, Singapore and other Asian countries, investments. Investment industry largely concentrated in labor-intensive industries and small scale of investment in general. In recent years, with the multinationals in the world on a large scale investment in China, Hong Kong-owned share in the significant decline in the early 90s from the 20th century, 68% to 30% in 2002. At the same time, manufacturing multinationals from developed countries, especially the United States, Japan and Europe the proportion of manufacturing investment in multinational companies in developed countries increased significantly.
As the world's large multinational manufacturing transfer, Europe excellent strong multinational investment in China will be greatly expedited. The United States is the largest multinational companies in the world with manufacturing, the most powerful country. By 2002, total contract amount of U.S. investment in China 76.3 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 9.2% of the total share, second only to Hong Kong, the second column. 500 U.S. manufacturing companies invested mostly in China. And investment in vertical integration of this growing tendency. To GE, for example, GE invested in China in 2002 reached 1.5 billion U.S. dollars, total sales of 1.7 billion U.S. dollars, the establishment of joint ventures, wholly-owned enterprises with more than 30. GE in 2005 annual sales in China reached 50 billion U.S. dollars, the annual procurement volume in China reached 50 billion U.S. dollars, this goal by including sales, purchasing, direct investment, R & D and human resources development to achieve an integrated approach. In recent years, the European manufacturing multinational companies invest substantial growth in China, the EU investment in China has changed from the early 90s last century, about 5% up to 10% level. Siemens, Nokia, Philips, Shell and other companies not only to further expand investment in China, but business has been from the domestic market to international markets. Philips is the largest multinational companies operating in China, 2002, Philips sales in China reached 6.7 billion U.S. dollars, of which 2 / 3 of exports. Multinational business structure also reflects the strategic adjustment of China has become the main base for the transfer of its manufacturing sector.
In Asian countries, Japan is still China's manufacturing industry an important source of foreign capital one of the countries, according to the Japanese Bank for International Cooperation of the 792 corporations with overseas manufacturing enterprises in Japan conducted a questionnaire survey [3>, 71.6% of the enterprises make the next 3 years will continue to strengthen and expand overseas business, "narrow, retreat" business only accounted for 28.0 percent and 0.4 percent. Plans to expand overseas business operations than the proportion of survey results for 2000 increased 17.1 percent. 82% of the enterprises that China is the most promising industrial transfer destination. The survey data show that Japanese manufacturing as a period of time will be the focus of investment in China. In addition, Korea's investment in the share of manufacturing in China are rising, South Korea first in the investment and trade in China is mainly invested in the manufacturing sector in recent years, a significant increase, Samsung, Hyundai, Yu, LG electronics, SK, etc. large multinational manufacturing companies to invest in our country. Among them, Samsung Electronics set up in China invested nearly 30 companies. By 2002, Samsung Group, China's total investment 2.7 billion in 2002 sales reached 8.2 billion U.S. dollars, a total of 42,300 employees, production, including communications and office products, core components, audio-visual products and white goods and other optoelectronic products.
4. Source of manufacturing investment has been greatly optimized, increasing the proportion of developed multinational corporations.
Over the years, has been our source of foreign investment is domestic investment as the major Asian countries as the main foreign investor in the structure. Hong Kong-invested foreign capital in China has occupied half of the total, followed by Taiwanese, as well as Japan, Korea, Singapore and other Asian countries, investments. Investment industry largely concentrated in labor-intensive industries and small scale of investment in general. In recent years, with the multinationals in the world on a large scale investment in China, Hong Kong-owned share in the significant decline in the early 90s from the 20th century, 68% to 30% in 2002. At the same time, manufacturing multinationals from developed countries, especially the United States, Japan and Europe the proportion of manufacturing investment in multinational companies in developed countries increased significantly.
As the world's large multinational manufacturing transfer, Europe excellent strong multinational investment in China will be greatly expedited. The United States is the largest multinational companies in the world with manufacturing, the most powerful country. By 2002, total contract amount of U.S. investment in China 76.3 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 9.2% of the total share, second only to Hong Kong, the second column. 500 U.S. manufacturing companies invested mostly in China. And investment in vertical integration of this growing tendency. To GE, for example, GE invested in China in 2002 reached 1.5 billion U.S. dollars, total sales of 1.7 billion U.S. dollars, the establishment of joint ventures, wholly-owned enterprises with more than 30. GE in 2005 annual sales in China reached 50 billion U.S. dollars, the annual procurement volume in China reached 50 billion U.S. dollars, that goal by including sales, purchasing, direct investment, R & D and human resources development to achieve an integrated approach. In recent years, the European manufacturing multinational companies invest substantial growth in China, the EU investment in China has changed from the early 90s last century, about 5% up to 10% level. Siemens, Nokia, Philips, Shell and other companies not only to further expand investment in China, but business has been from the domestic market to international markets. Philips is the largest multinational companies operating in China, 2002, Philips sales in China reached 6.7 billion U.S. dollars, of which 2 / 3 of exports. The strategic adjustment of multinational business structure also shows that China has become a major base for the transfer of its manufacturing sector.
In Asian countries, Japan is still China's manufacturing industry an important source of foreign capital one of the countries, according to the Japanese Bank for International Cooperation of the 792 corporations with overseas manufacturing enterprises in Japan conducted a questionnaire survey [3>, 71.6% of the enterprises make the next 3 years will continue to strengthen and expand overseas business, "narrow, retreat" business only accounted for 28.0% and 0.4%. Plans to expand overseas business operations than the proportion of survey results for 2000 increased 17.1 percent. 82% of the enterprises that China is the most promising industrial transfer destination. The survey data show that Japan's manufacturing industry as a period of time will be the focus of investment in China. In addition, Korea's investment in the share of manufacturing in China are rising, South Korea first in the investment and trade in China is mainly invested in the manufacturing sector in recent years, a significant increase, Samsung, Hyundai, Yu, LG Electronics, SK, etc. large multinational manufacturing companies to invest in our country. Among them, Samsung Electronics set up in China invested nearly 30 companies. By 2002, Samsung Group, China's total investment 2.7 billion in 2002 sales reached 8.2 billion U.S. dollars, a total of 42,300 employees, production, including communications and office products, core components, audio-visual products and white goods and other optoelectronic products.
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